|
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in Those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa (UNCCD) is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership arrangements. The Convention, the only convention stemming from a direct recommendation of the Rio Conference's Agenda 21, was adopted in Paris, France on 17 June 1994 and entered into force in December 1996. It is the first and only internationally legally binding framework set up to address the problem of desertification. The Convention is based on the principles of participation, partnership and decentralization—the backbone of Good Governance and Sustainable Development. It has 196 parties, making it truly global in reach. In 27 March 2013, Canada became the first country to announce its intention to withdraw from the convention.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/canada-only-un-member-to-pull-out-of-droughts-and-deserts-convention-1.1214065 )〕 To help publicise the Convention, 2006 was declared "International Year of Deserts and Desertification" but debates have ensued regarding how effective the International Year was in practice.〔Stringer, LC (2008) Reviewing the international year of deserts and Desertification 2006: What contribution towards combating global desertification and implementing the united nations convention to combat desertification?, j.jaridenv, 72(11), pp2065-2074. .〕 ==States Parties== The UNCCD has been ratified by 195 states plus the European Union.〔(Ratifications ).〕 All member states of the UN are parties to convention. The convention does not apply to Aruba, Caribbean Netherlands, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (Kingdom of the Netherlands), or to Gibraltar, the Isle of Man, Guernsey, or Jersey (United Kingdom). One ratifying state—Canada—has announced its denunciation the convention.〔 The non-UN member states that have ratified the convention are the Cook Islands and Niue. The Holy See and the states with limited recognition are non-parties. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|